关于壹盾安全V3中的正则表达式语法

壹盾安全V3中的正则表达式使用谷歌的RE2语法，以下摘录一些常用的正则表达式用法

具体的语法请看文末（英文版需要自己翻译）

开始和结束

和其他正则表达式一样，可以使用^和$表示开始和结束：

1. ^abc – 必须以abc开始
2. efg$ – 必须以efg结束
3. ^abc.+efg$ – 匹配对象必须是以abc开始，efg结束

字符集

1. . – 点（.）符号表示匹配任何字符，包括换行符
2. [abc] – 字符集，表示匹配abc字符中的任何一个
3. [^abc] – 反向字符集，表示不匹配abc字符中的任何一个
4. \d – 数字字符集，相当于[0-9]
5. \D – 非数字字符集，相当于[^0-9]
6. \w – 单词字符集，相当于[0-9A-Za-z_]
7. \W – 非单词字符集，相当于[^0-9A-Za-z_]
8. \s – 空白字符集，相当于[\t\n\f\r ]
9. \S – 非空白字符集，相当于[^\t\n\f\r ]
10. \b – 单词边界
11. \B – 非单词边界
12. [[:alpha:]] – ASCII字符集
13. [[:^alpha:]] – 非ASCII字符集
14. \pN – Unicode字符集，只有一个字符
15. \p{Greek} – Unicode字符集
16. \p{Han} – 中文字符集
17. \PN – 非Unicode字符集，只有一个字符
18. \P{Greek} – 非Unicode字符集

组合

1. xy – x和y相邻，y紧跟x之后
2. x|y – x或y，遇到x即宣告匹配成功

重复

1. x* – 0或多个x，尽可能匹配多的x
2. x+ – 1或多个x，尽可能匹配多的x
3. x? – 0或1个x，尽可能匹配多的x
4. x{n,m} – n到m个x，尽可能匹配多的x
5. x{n,} – n个以上的x，包括n个x，尽可能匹配多的x
6. x{n} – n个x
7. x*? – 0或多个x，尽可能匹配少的x
8. x+? – 1或多个x，尽可能匹配少的x
9. x?? – 0或1个x，尽可能匹配少的x
10. x{n,m}? – n到m个x，尽可能匹配少的x
11. x{n,}? – n个以上的x，包括n个x，尽可能匹配少的x
12. x{n}? – n个x

分组

使用圆括号进行分组

1. (re) – 编号从1开始，0表示全部匹配的内容
   • 比如(hello)(world)匹配结果有两个分组，编号分别为1和2
2. (?P<name>re) – 命名分组
   • 比如使用(?P<myName>\w+)来匹配ZhangSan，那么myName对应的值被定义为ZhangSan
3. (?:re) – 跳过分组
   • 比如(?:hello)(world)匹配结果只有一个分组(world)，编号为1；因为hello这个分组被跳过

标记

在别的正则表达式中称之为修饰符（modifier）

1. i – 表示大小写不敏感
2. m – 多行匹配，如果有$结束字符的时候需要此标记
3. s – 让点符号（.）也匹配\n
4. U – 非贪婪模式，匹配结果尽可能少地匹配

使用(?FLAG)或(?:FLAG)语法来使用这些标记，并且这里的括号并不会产生新的分组：

(?i)hello
(?i:hello)

以上两个表达式都表示大小写不敏感，所以HELLO、Hello、hello都认为匹配成功。

转义字符

使用反斜杠表示转义字符，用来表示某个字符是原始的字符，而不是正则表达式，比如匹配文件扩展名：

\.(php|asp|jsp|py)

中的点（.）因为在正则表达式中有别的意义，所以需要用反斜杠转义。

 

RE2完整表达式语法

kinds of single-character expressions	examples
any character, possibly including newline (s=true)	.
character class	[xyz]
negated character class	[^xyz]
Perl character class (link)	\d
negated Perl character class	\D
ASCII character class (link)	[[:alpha:]]
negated ASCII character class	[[:^alpha:]]
Unicode character class (one-letter name)	\pN
Unicode character class	\p{Greek}
negated Unicode character class (one-letter name)	\PN
negated Unicode character class	\P{Greek}

	Composites
xy	x followed by y
x|y	x or y (prefer x)

	Repetitions
x*	zero or more , prefer morex
x+	one or more , prefer morex
x?	zero or one , prefer onex
x{n,m}	n or +1 or … or , prefer morenmx
x{n,}	n or more , prefer morex
x{n}	exactly n x
x*?	zero or more , prefer fewerx
x+?	one or more , prefer fewerx
x??	zero or one , prefer zerox
x{n,m}?	n or +1 or … or , prefer fewernmx
x{n,}?	n or more , prefer fewerx
x{n}?	exactly n x
x{}	(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x*
x{-}	(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x*?
x{-n}	(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x{n}?
x=	(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x?

Implementation restriction: The counting forms , , and reject forms that create a minimum or maximum repetition count above 1000. Unlimited repetitions are not subject to this restriction. x{n,m}x{n,}x{n}

	Possessive repetitions
x*+	zero or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x
x++	one or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x
x?+	zero or one , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x
x{n,m}+	n or … or , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) mx
x{n,}+	n or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x
x{n}+	exactly , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) nx

	Grouping
(re)	numbered capturing group (submatch)
(?P<name>re)	named & numbered capturing group (submatch)
(?<name>re)	named & numbered capturing group (submatch)
(?'name're)	named & numbered capturing group (submatch) (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?:re)	non-capturing group
(?flags)	set flags within current group; non-capturing
(?flags:re)	set flags during re; non-capturing
(?#text)	comment (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?|x|y|z)	branch numbering reset (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?>re)	possessive match of (NOT SUPPORTED) re
re@>	possessive match of (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
%(re)	non-capturing group (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM

	Flags
i	case-insensitive (default false)
m	multi-line mode: and match begin/end line in addition to begin/end text (default false)^$
s	let match (default false).\n
U	ungreedy: swap meaning of and , and , etc (default false)x*x*?x+x+?

Flag syntax is (set) or (clear) or (set , clear ).

xyz-xyzxy-zxyz

	Empty strings
^	at beginning of text or line (=true)m
$	at end of text (like not ) or line (=true)\z\Zm
\A	at beginning of text
\b	at ASCII word boundary ( on one side and , , or on the other)\w\W\A\z
\B	not at ASCII word boundary
\g	at beginning of subtext being searched (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE
\G	at end of last match (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL
\Z	at end of text, or before newline at end of text (NOT SUPPORTED)
\z	at end of text
(?=re)	before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re
(?!re)	before text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re
(?<=re)	after text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re
(?<!re)	after text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re
re&	before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
re@=	before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
re@!	before text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
re@<=	after text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
re@<!	after text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re
\zs	sets start of match (= \K) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\ze	sets end of match (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%^	beginning of file (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%$	end of file (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%V	on screen (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%#	cursor position (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%'m	mark position (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM m
\%23l	in line 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%23c	in column 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%23v	in virtual column 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM

	Escape sequences
\a	bell (≡ \007)
\f	form feed (≡ \014)
\t	horizontal tab (≡ \011)
\n	newline (≡ \012)
\r	carriage return (≡ \015)
\v	vertical tab character (≡ \013)
\*	literal , for any punctuation character **
\123	octal character code (up to three digits)
\x7F	hex character code (exactly two digits)
\x{10FFFF}	hex character code
\C	match a single byte even in UTF-8 mode
\Q...\E	literal text even if has punctuation......
\1	backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\b	backspace (NOT SUPPORTED) (use \010)
\cK	control char ^K (NOT SUPPORTED) (use etc)\001
\e	escape (NOT SUPPORTED) (use \033)
\g1	backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g{1}	backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g{+1}	backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g{-1}	backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g{name}	named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g<name>	subroutine call (NOT SUPPORTED)
\g'name'	subroutine call (NOT SUPPORTED)
\k<name>	named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\k'name'	named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
\lX	lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) X
\ux	uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) x
\L...\E	lowercase text (NOT SUPPORTED) ...
\K	reset beginning of (NOT SUPPORTED) $0
\N{name}	named Unicode character (NOT SUPPORTED)
\R	line break (NOT SUPPORTED)
\U...\E	upper case text (NOT SUPPORTED) ...
\X	extended Unicode sequence (NOT SUPPORTED)
\%d123	decimal character 123 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%xFF	hex character FF (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%o123	octal character 123 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%u1234	Unicode character 0x1234 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\%U12345678	Unicode character 0x12345678 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM

	Character class elements
x	single character
A-Z	character range (inclusive)
\d	Perl character class
[:foo:]	ASCII character class foo
\p{Foo}	Unicode character class Foo
\pF	Unicode character class (one-letter name)F

	Named character classes as character class elements
[\d]	digits (≡ \d)
[^\d]	not digits (≡ \D)
[\D]	not digits (≡ \D)
[^\D]	not not digits (≡ \d)
[[:name:]]	named ASCII class inside character class (≡ [:name:])
[^[:name:]]	named ASCII class inside negated character class (≡ [:^name:])
[\p{Name}]	named Unicode property inside character class (≡ \p{Name})
[^\p{Name}]	named Unicode property inside negated character class (≡ \P{Name})

	Perl character classes (all ASCII-only)
\d	digits (≡ [0-9])
\D	not digits (≡ [^0-9])
\s	whitespace (≡ [\t\n\f\r ])
\S	not whitespace (≡ [^\t\n\f\r ])
\w	word characters (≡ [0-9A-Za-z_])
\W	not word characters (≡ [^0-9A-Za-z_])
\h	horizontal space (NOT SUPPORTED)
\H	not horizontal space (NOT SUPPORTED)
\v	vertical space (NOT SUPPORTED)
\V	not vertical space (NOT SUPPORTED)

	ASCII character classes
[[:alnum:]]	alphanumeric (≡ [0-9A-Za-z])
[[:alpha:]]	alphabetic (≡ [A-Za-z])
[[:ascii:]]	ASCII (≡ [\x00-\x7F])
[[:blank:]]	blank (≡ [\t ])
[[:cntrl:]]	control (≡ [\x00-\x1F\x7F])
[[:digit:]]	digits (≡ [0-9])
[[:graph:]]	graphical (≡ ≡ [!-~][A-Za-z0-9!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~])
[[:lower:]]	lower case (≡ [a-z])
[[:print:]]	printable (≡ ≡ [ -~][ [:graph:]])
[[:punct:]]	punctuation (≡ [!-/:-@[-`{-~])
[[:space:]]	whitespace (≡ [\t\n\v\f\r ])
[[:upper:]]	upper case (≡ [A-Z])
[[:word:]]	word characters (≡ [0-9A-Za-z_])
[[:xdigit:]]	hex digit (≡ [0-9A-Fa-f])

	Unicode character class names–general category
C	other
Cc	control
Cf	format
Cn	unassigned code points (NOT SUPPORTED)
Co	private use
Cs	surrogate
L	letter
LC	cased letter (NOT SUPPORTED)
L&	cased letter (NOT SUPPORTED)
Ll	lowercase letter
Lm	modifier letter
Lo	other letter
Lt	titlecase letter
Lu	uppercase letter
M	mark
Mc	spacing mark
Me	enclosing mark
Mn	non-spacing mark
N	number
Nd	decimal number
Nl	letter number
No	other number
P	punctuation
Pc	connector punctuation
Pd	dash punctuation
Pe	close punctuation
Pf	final punctuation
Pi	initial punctuation
Po	other punctuation
Ps	open punctuation
S	symbol
Sc	currency symbol
Sk	modifier symbol
Sm	math symbol
So	other symbol
Z	separator
Zl	line separator
Zp	paragraph separator
Zs	space separator

Unicode character class names–scripts
Adlam
Ahom
Anatolian_Hieroglyphs
Arabic
Armenian
Avestan
Balinese
Bamum
Bassa_Vah
Batak
Bengali
Bhaiksuki
Bopomofo
Brahmi
Braille
Buginese
Buhid
Canadian_Aboriginal
Carian
Caucasian_Albanian
Chakma
Cham
Cherokee
Chorasmian
Common
Coptic
Cuneiform
Cypriot
Cypro_Minoan
Cyrillic
Deseret
Devanagari
Dives_Akuru
Dogra
Duployan
Egyptian_Hieroglyphs
Elbasan
Elymaic
Ethiopic
Georgian
Glagolitic
Gothic
Grantha
Greek
Gujarati
Gunjala_Gondi
Gurmukhi
Han
Hangul
Hanifi_Rohingya
Hanunoo
Hatran
Hebrew
Hiragana
Imperial_Aramaic
Inherited
Inscriptional_Pahlavi
Inscriptional_Parthian
Javanese
Kaithi
Kannada
Katakana
Kawi
Kayah_Li
Kharoshthi
Khitan_Small_Script
Khmer
Khojki
Khudawadi
Lao
Latin
Lepcha
Limbu
Linear_A
Linear_B
Lisu
Lycian
Lydian
Mahajani
Makasar
Malayalam
Mandaic
Manichaean
Marchen
Masaram_Gondi
Medefaidrin
Meetei_Mayek
Mende_Kikakui
Meroitic_Cursive
Meroitic_Hieroglyphs
Miao
Modi
Mongolian
Mro
Multani
Myanmar
Nabataean
Nag_Mundari
Nandinagari
New_Tai_Lue
Newa
Nko
Nushu
Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong
Ogham
Ol_Chiki
Old_Hungarian
Old_Italic
Old_North_Arabian
Old_Permic
Old_Persian
Old_Sogdian
Old_South_Arabian
Old_Turkic
Old_Uyghur
Oriya
Osage
Osmanya
Pahawh_Hmong
Palmyrene
Pau_Cin_Hau
Phags_Pa
Phoenician
Psalter_Pahlavi
Rejang
Runic
Samaritan
Saurashtra
Sharada
Shavian
Siddham
SignWriting
Sinhala
Sogdian
Sora_Sompeng
Soyombo
Sundanese
Syloti_Nagri
Syriac
Tagalog
Tagbanwa
Tai_Le
Tai_Tham
Tai_Viet
Takri
Tamil
Tangsa
Tangut
Telugu
Thaana
Thai
an
Tifinagh
Tirhuta
Toto
Ugaritic
Vai
Vithkuqi
Wancho
Warang_Citi
Yezidi
Yi
Zanabazar_Square

	Vim character classes
\i	identifier character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\I	\i except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\k	keyword character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\K	\k except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\f	file name character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\F	\f except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\p	printable character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\P	\p except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\s	whitespace character (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [ \t]
\S	non-white space character (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [^ \t]
\d	digits (≡ ) VIM [0-9]
\D	not VIM \d
\x	hex digits (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [0-9A-Fa-f]
\X	not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \x
\o	octal digits (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [0-7]
\O	not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \o
\w	word character VIM
\W	not VIM \w
\h	head of word character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\H	not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \h
\a	alphabetic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\A	not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \a
\l	lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\L	not lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\u	uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\U	not uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\_x	\x plus newline, for any (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x
\c	ignore case (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\C	match case (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\m	magic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\M	nomagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\v	verymagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\V	verynomagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM
\Z	ignore differences in Unicode combining characters (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM

	Magic
(?{code})	arbitrary Perl code (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL
(??{code})	postponed arbitrary Perl code (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL
(?n)	recursive call to regexp capturing group (NOT SUPPORTED) n
(?+n)	recursive call to relative group (NOT SUPPORTED) +n
(?-n)	recursive call to relative group (NOT SUPPORTED) -n
(?C)	PCRE callout (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE
(?R)	recursive call to entire regexp (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) (?0)
(?&name)	recursive call to named group (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?P=name)	named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?P>name)	recursive call to named group (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?(cond)true|false)	conditional branch (NOT SUPPORTED)
(?(cond)true)	conditional branch (NOT SUPPORTED)
(*ACCEPT)	make regexps more like Prolog (NOT SUPPORTED)
(*COMMIT)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*F)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*FAIL)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*MARK)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*PRUNE)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*SKIP)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*THEN)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*ANY)	set newline convention (NOT SUPPORTED)
(*ANYCRLF)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*CR)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*CRLF)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*LF)	(NOT SUPPORTED)
(*BSR_ANYCRLF)	set \R convention (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE
(*BSR_UNICODE)	(NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE