壹盾安全V3中的正则表达式使用谷歌的RE2语法,以下摘录一些常用的正则表达式用法
具体的语法请看文末(英文版需要自己翻译)
开始和结束
和其他正则表达式一样,可以使用^
和$
表示开始和结束:
^abc
– 必须以abc
开始efg$
– 必须以efg
结束^abc.+efg$
– 匹配对象必须是以abc
开始,efg
结束
字符集
.
– 点(.
)符号表示匹配任何字符,包括换行符[abc]
– 字符集,表示匹配abc
字符中的任何一个[^abc]
– 反向字符集,表示不匹配abc
字符中的任何一个\d
– 数字字符集,相当于[0-9]
\D
– 非数字字符集,相当于[^0-9]
\w
– 单词字符集,相当于[0-9A-Za-z_]
\W
– 非单词字符集,相当于[^0-9A-Za-z_]
\s
– 空白字符集,相当于[\t\n\f\r ]
\S
– 非空白字符集,相当于[^\t\n\f\r ]
\b
– 单词边界\B
– 非单词边界[[:alpha:]]
– ASCII字符集[[:^alpha:]]
– 非ASCII字符集\pN
– Unicode字符集,只有一个字符\p{Greek}
– Unicode字符集\p{Han}
– 中文字符集\PN
– 非Unicode字符集,只有一个字符\P{Greek}
– 非Unicode字符集
组合
xy
–x
和y
相邻,y
紧跟x
之后x|y
–x
或y
,遇到x
即宣告匹配成功
重复
x*
– 0或多个x
,尽可能匹配最多的x
x+
– 1或多个x
,尽可能匹配最多的x
x?
– 0或1个x
,尽可能匹配最多的x
x{n,m}
– n到m个x
,尽可能匹配最多的x
x{n,}
– n个以上的x
,包括n个x
,尽可能匹配最多的x
x{n}
– n个x
x*?
– 0或多个x
,尽可能匹配最少的x
x+?
– 1或多个x
,尽可能匹配最少的x
x??
– 0或1个x
,尽可能匹配最少的x
x{n,m}?
– n到m个x
,尽可能匹配最少的x
x{n,}?
– n个以上的x
,包括n个x
,尽可能匹配最少的x
x{n}?
– n个x
分组
使用圆括号进行分组
(re)
– 编号从1开始,0表示全部匹配的内容- 比如
(hello)(world)
匹配结果有两个分组,编号分别为1和2
- 比如
(?P<name>re)
– 命名分组- 比如使用
(?P<myName>\w+)
来匹配ZhangSan
,那么myName
对应的值被定义为ZhangSan
- 比如使用
(?:re)
– 跳过分组- 比如
(?:hello)(world)
匹配结果只有一个分组(world)
,编号为1;因为hello
这个分组被跳过
- 比如
标记
在别的正则表达式中称之为修饰符(modifier
)
i
– 表示大小写不敏感m
– 多行匹配,如果有$
结束字符的时候需要此标记s
– 让点符号(.
)也匹配\n
U
– 非贪婪模式,匹配结果尽可能少地匹配
使用(?FLAG)
或(?:FLAG)
语法来使用这些标记,并且这里的括号并不会产生新的分组:
(?i)hello
(?i:hello)
以上两个表达式都表示大小写不敏感,所以HELLO
、Hello
、hello
都认为匹配成功。
转义字符
使用反斜杠表示转义字符,用来表示某个字符是原始的字符,而不是正则表达式,比如匹配文件扩展名:
\.(php|asp|jsp|py)
中的点(.)因为在正则表达式中有别的意义,所以需要用反斜杠转义。
RE2完整表达式语法
kinds of single-character expressions | examples |
---|---|
any character, possibly including newline (s=true) | . |
character class | [xyz] |
negated character class | [^xyz] |
Perl character class (link) | \d |
negated Perl character class | \D |
ASCII character class (link) | [[:alpha:]] |
negated ASCII character class | [[:^alpha:]] |
Unicode character class (one-letter name) | \pN |
Unicode character class | \p{Greek} |
negated Unicode character class (one-letter name) | \PN |
negated Unicode character class | \P{Greek} |
Composites | |
---|---|
xy |
x followed by y |
x|y |
x or y (prefer x ) |
Repetitions | |
---|---|
x* |
zero or more , prefer morex |
x+ |
one or more , prefer morex |
x? |
zero or one , prefer onex |
x{n,m} |
n or +1 or … or , prefer moren m x |
x{n,} |
n or more , prefer morex |
x{n} |
exactly n x |
x*? |
zero or more , prefer fewerx |
x+? |
one or more , prefer fewerx |
x?? |
zero or one , prefer zerox |
x{n,m}? |
n or +1 or … or , prefer fewern m x |
x{n,}? |
n or more , prefer fewerx |
x{n}? |
exactly n x |
x{} |
(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x* |
x{-} |
(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x*? |
x{-n} |
(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x{n}? |
x= |
(≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x? |
Implementation restriction: The counting forms , , and reject forms that create a minimum or maximum repetition count above 1000. Unlimited repetitions are not subject to this restriction. x{n,m}
x{n,}
x{n}
Possessive repetitions | |
---|---|
x*+ |
zero or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x |
x++ |
one or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x |
x?+ |
zero or one , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x |
x{n,m}+ |
n or … or , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) m x |
x{n,}+ |
n or more , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) x |
x{n}+ |
exactly , possessive (NOT SUPPORTED) n x |
Grouping | |
---|---|
(re) |
numbered capturing group (submatch) |
(?P<name>re) |
named & numbered capturing group (submatch) |
(?<name>re) |
named & numbered capturing group (submatch) |
(?'name're) |
named & numbered capturing group (submatch) (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?:re) |
non-capturing group |
(?flags) |
set flags within current group; non-capturing |
(?flags:re) |
set flags during re; non-capturing |
(?#text) |
comment (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?|x|y|z) |
branch numbering reset (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?>re) |
possessive match of (NOT SUPPORTED) re |
re@> |
possessive match of (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
%(re) |
non-capturing group (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
Flags | |
---|---|
i |
case-insensitive (default false) |
m |
multi-line mode: and match begin/end line in addition to begin/end text (default false)^ $ |
s |
let match (default false). \n |
U |
ungreedy: swap meaning of and , and , etc (default false)x* x*? x+ x+? |
Flag syntax is (set) or (clear) or (set , clear ).
xyz
-xyz
xy-z
xy
z
Empty strings | |
---|---|
^ |
at beginning of text or line (=true)m |
$ |
at end of text (like not ) or line (=true)\z \Z m |
\A |
at beginning of text |
\b |
at ASCII word boundary ( on one side and , , or on the other)\w \W \A \z |
\B |
not at ASCII word boundary |
\g |
at beginning of subtext being searched (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE |
\G |
at end of last match (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL |
\Z |
at end of text, or before newline at end of text (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\z |
at end of text |
(?=re) |
before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re |
(?!re) |
before text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re |
(?<=re) |
after text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re |
(?<!re) |
after text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) re |
re& |
before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
re@= |
before text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
re@! |
before text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
re@<= |
after text matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
re@<! |
after text not matching (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM re |
\zs |
sets start of match (= \K) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\ze |
sets end of match (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%^ |
beginning of file (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%$ |
end of file (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%V |
on screen (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%# |
cursor position (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%'m |
mark position (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM m |
\%23l |
in line 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%23c |
in column 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%23v |
in virtual column 23 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
Escape sequences | |
---|---|
\a |
bell (≡ \007 ) |
\f |
form feed (≡ \014 ) |
\t |
horizontal tab (≡ \011 ) |
\n |
newline (≡ \012 ) |
\r |
carriage return (≡ \015 ) |
\v |
vertical tab character (≡ \013 ) |
\* |
literal , for any punctuation character * * |
\123 |
octal character code (up to three digits) |
\x7F |
hex character code (exactly two digits) |
\x{10FFFF} |
hex character code |
\C |
match a single byte even in UTF-8 mode |
\Q...\E |
literal text even if has punctuation... ... |
\1 |
backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\b |
backspace (NOT SUPPORTED) (use \010 ) |
\cK |
control char ^K (NOT SUPPORTED) (use etc)\001 |
\e |
escape (NOT SUPPORTED) (use \033 ) |
\g1 |
backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g{1} |
backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g{+1} |
backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g{-1} |
backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g{name} |
named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g<name> |
subroutine call (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\g'name' |
subroutine call (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\k<name> |
named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\k'name' |
named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\lX |
lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) X |
\ux |
uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) x |
\L...\E |
lowercase text (NOT SUPPORTED) ... |
\K |
reset beginning of (NOT SUPPORTED) $0 |
\N{name} |
named Unicode character (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\R |
line break (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\U...\E |
upper case text (NOT SUPPORTED) ... |
\X |
extended Unicode sequence (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\%d123 |
decimal character 123 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%xFF |
hex character FF (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%o123 |
octal character 123 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%u1234 |
Unicode character 0x1234 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\%U12345678 |
Unicode character 0x12345678 (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
Character class elements | |
---|---|
x |
single character |
A-Z |
character range (inclusive) |
\d |
Perl character class |
[:foo:] |
ASCII character class foo |
\p{Foo} |
Unicode character class Foo |
\pF |
Unicode character class (one-letter name)F |
Named character classes as character class elements | |
---|---|
[\d] |
digits (≡ \d ) |
[^\d] |
not digits (≡ \D ) |
[\D] |
not digits (≡ \D ) |
[^\D] |
not not digits (≡ \d ) |
[[:name:]] |
named ASCII class inside character class (≡ [:name:] ) |
[^[:name:]] |
named ASCII class inside negated character class (≡ [:^name:] ) |
[\p{Name}] |
named Unicode property inside character class (≡ \p{Name} ) |
[^\p{Name}] |
named Unicode property inside negated character class (≡ \P{Name} ) |
Perl character classes (all ASCII-only) | |
---|---|
\d |
digits (≡ [0-9] ) |
\D |
not digits (≡ [^0-9] ) |
\s |
whitespace (≡ [\t\n\f\r ] ) |
\S |
not whitespace (≡ [^\t\n\f\r ] ) |
\w |
word characters (≡ [0-9A-Za-z_] ) |
\W |
not word characters (≡ [^0-9A-Za-z_] ) |
\h |
horizontal space (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\H |
not horizontal space (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\v |
vertical space (NOT SUPPORTED) |
\V |
not vertical space (NOT SUPPORTED) |
ASCII character classes | |
---|---|
[[:alnum:]] |
alphanumeric (≡ [0-9A-Za-z] ) |
[[:alpha:]] |
alphabetic (≡ [A-Za-z] ) |
[[:ascii:]] |
ASCII (≡ [\x00-\x7F] ) |
[[:blank:]] |
blank (≡ [\t ] ) |
[[:cntrl:]] |
control (≡ [\x00-\x1F\x7F] ) |
[[:digit:]] |
digits (≡ [0-9] ) |
[[:graph:]] |
graphical (≡ ≡ [!-~] [A-Za-z0-9!"#$%&'()*+,\-./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_ ` {|}~] ) |
[[:lower:]] |
lower case (≡ [a-z] ) |
[[:print:]] |
printable (≡ ≡ [ -~] [ [:graph:]] ) |
[[:punct:]] |
punctuation (≡ [!-/:-@[- ` {-~] ) |
[[:space:]] |
whitespace (≡ [\t\n\v\f\r ] ) |
[[:upper:]] |
upper case (≡ [A-Z] ) |
[[:word:]] |
word characters (≡ [0-9A-Za-z_] ) |
[[:xdigit:]] |
hex digit (≡ [0-9A-Fa-f] ) |
Unicode character class names–general category | |
---|---|
C |
other |
Cc |
control |
Cf |
format |
Cn |
unassigned code points (NOT SUPPORTED) |
Co |
private use |
Cs |
surrogate |
L |
letter |
LC |
cased letter (NOT SUPPORTED) |
L& |
cased letter (NOT SUPPORTED) |
Ll |
lowercase letter |
Lm |
modifier letter |
Lo |
other letter |
Lt |
titlecase letter |
Lu |
uppercase letter |
M |
mark |
Mc |
spacing mark |
Me |
enclosing mark |
Mn |
non-spacing mark |
N |
number |
Nd |
decimal number |
Nl |
letter number |
No |
other number |
P |
punctuation |
Pc |
connector punctuation |
Pd |
dash punctuation |
Pe |
close punctuation |
Pf |
final punctuation |
Pi |
initial punctuation |
Po |
other punctuation |
Ps |
open punctuation |
S |
symbol |
Sc |
currency symbol |
Sk |
modifier symbol |
Sm |
math symbol |
So |
other symbol |
Z |
separator |
Zl |
line separator |
Zp |
paragraph separator |
Zs |
space separator |
Unicode character class names–scripts |
---|
Adlam |
Ahom |
Anatolian_Hieroglyphs |
Arabic |
Armenian |
Avestan |
Balinese |
Bamum |
Bassa_Vah |
Batak |
Bengali |
Bhaiksuki |
Bopomofo |
Brahmi |
Braille |
Buginese |
Buhid |
Canadian_Aboriginal |
Carian |
Caucasian_Albanian |
Chakma |
Cham |
Cherokee |
Chorasmian |
Common |
Coptic |
Cuneiform |
Cypriot |
Cypro_Minoan |
Cyrillic |
Deseret |
Devanagari |
Dives_Akuru |
Dogra |
Duployan |
Egyptian_Hieroglyphs |
Elbasan |
Elymaic |
Ethiopic |
Georgian |
Glagolitic |
Gothic |
Grantha |
Greek |
Gujarati |
Gunjala_Gondi |
Gurmukhi |
Han |
Hangul |
Hanifi_Rohingya |
Hanunoo |
Hatran |
Hebrew |
Hiragana |
Imperial_Aramaic |
Inherited |
Inscriptional_Pahlavi |
Inscriptional_Parthian |
Javanese |
Kaithi |
Kannada |
Katakana |
Kawi |
Kayah_Li |
Kharoshthi |
Khitan_Small_Script |
Khmer |
Khojki |
Khudawadi |
Lao |
Latin |
Lepcha |
Limbu |
Linear_A |
Linear_B |
Lisu |
Lycian |
Lydian |
Mahajani |
Makasar |
Malayalam |
Mandaic |
Manichaean |
Marchen |
Masaram_Gondi |
Medefaidrin |
Meetei_Mayek |
Mende_Kikakui |
Meroitic_Cursive |
Meroitic_Hieroglyphs |
Miao |
Modi |
Mongolian |
Mro |
Multani |
Myanmar |
Nabataean |
Nag_Mundari |
Nandinagari |
New_Tai_Lue |
Newa |
Nko |
Nushu |
Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong |
Ogham |
Ol_Chiki |
Old_Hungarian |
Old_Italic |
Old_North_Arabian |
Old_Permic |
Old_Persian |
Old_Sogdian |
Old_South_Arabian |
Old_Turkic |
Old_Uyghur |
Oriya |
Osage |
Osmanya |
Pahawh_Hmong |
Palmyrene |
Pau_Cin_Hau |
Phags_Pa |
Phoenician |
Psalter_Pahlavi |
Rejang |
Runic |
Samaritan |
Saurashtra |
Sharada |
Shavian |
Siddham |
SignWriting |
Sinhala |
Sogdian |
Sora_Sompeng |
Soyombo |
Sundanese |
Syloti_Nagri |
Syriac |
Tagalog |
Tagbanwa |
Tai_Le |
Tai_Tham |
Tai_Viet |
Takri |
Tamil |
Tangsa |
Tangut |
Telugu |
Thaana |
Thai |
an |
Tifinagh |
Tirhuta |
Toto |
Ugaritic |
Vai |
Vithkuqi |
Wancho |
Warang_Citi |
Yezidi |
Yi |
Zanabazar_Square |
Vim character classes | |
---|---|
\i |
identifier character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\I |
\i except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\k |
keyword character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\K |
\k except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\f |
file name character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\F |
\f except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\p |
printable character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\P |
\p except digits (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\s |
whitespace character (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [ \t] |
\S |
non-white space character (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [^ \t] |
\d |
digits (≡ ) VIM [0-9] |
\D |
not VIM \d |
\x |
hex digits (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [0-9A-Fa-f] |
\X |
not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \x |
\o |
octal digits (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM [0-7] |
\O |
not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \o |
\w |
word character VIM |
\W |
not VIM \w |
\h |
head of word character (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\H |
not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \h |
\a |
alphabetic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\A |
not (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM \a |
\l |
lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\L |
not lowercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\u |
uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\U |
not uppercase (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\_x |
\x plus newline, for any (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM x |
\c |
ignore case (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\C |
match case (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\m |
magic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\M |
nomagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\v |
verymagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\V |
verynomagic (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
\Z |
ignore differences in Unicode combining characters (NOT SUPPORTED) VIM |
Magic | |
---|---|
(?{code}) |
arbitrary Perl code (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL |
(??{code}) |
postponed arbitrary Perl code (NOT SUPPORTED) PERL |
(?n) |
recursive call to regexp capturing group (NOT SUPPORTED) n |
(?+n) |
recursive call to relative group (NOT SUPPORTED) +n |
(?-n) |
recursive call to relative group (NOT SUPPORTED) -n |
(?C) |
PCRE callout (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE |
(?R) |
recursive call to entire regexp (≡ ) (NOT SUPPORTED) (?0) |
(?&name) |
recursive call to named group (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?P=name) |
named backreference (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?P>name) |
recursive call to named group (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?(cond)true|false) |
conditional branch (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(?(cond)true) |
conditional branch (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*ACCEPT) |
make regexps more like Prolog (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*COMMIT) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*F) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*FAIL) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*MARK) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*PRUNE) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*SKIP) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*THEN) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*ANY) |
set newline convention (NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*ANYCRLF) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*CR) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*CRLF) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*LF) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) |
(*BSR_ANYCRLF) |
set \R convention (NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE |
(*BSR_UNICODE) |
(NOT SUPPORTED) PCRE |
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